The Importance of Being Earnest Research Paper Example

The Importance of Being Earnest Paper Stubborn, irresponsible and shallow: three words to describe the character Jack, from The Importance of Being Earnest. In Oscar Wildes light-hearted play, Jack is a wealthy young man, who is a main character involved in the complex plot(s). Throughout the play, Wilde slowly reveals different things about Jack so the audience feel like they are getting to know him better. The playwright obviously has strong views about people from the Edwardian era (setting of The Importance of Being Earnest), and his characters are his way of communicating these opinions. Jack is a noticeable character and has very individual traits, which adds to the atmosphere of the play and makes it more humorous. By giving each character a distinctive personality, it helps the audience distinguish between the many plots because the more extreme a character is, the more likely it is that you remember them. He appears to have no understanding of responsibility as at the beginning of the play he says Oh, pleasure, pleasure! What else should bring one anywhere? , when Algernon asks why he has come to the town. This shows he is irresponsible because it shows he just wants to have fun and enjoy himself. This quote also shows he is wealthy and extravagant because he can obviously travel whenever he wants to and has the cash to do so. This links back to the point that he is irresponsible because if he had the sole responsibility of anything then he wouldnt just be able to travel for example if he worked then he would not just be able to leave his job. The word pleasure emphasises the point that the character Jack is wealthy, as he clearly has a luxurious lifestyle and the money to afford pleasure. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Being Earnest specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Being Earnest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Being Earnest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The phrase what else should bring one anywhere? also suggests he is young and care free because he has no understanding that people might not travel for pleasure. He appears to be living in his own little world and has no idea that others struggle to find the money to survive and have to work very hard to do so. This is an important part of Oscar Wildes message that the rich were quite nai ve but I will discuss this further later. On the other hand this quote could show he was just spontaneous and always looking for an adventure. Instead of being frivolous he is just enjoying the money he has and making the most of his life. It would probably depend on the audiences views on money as to whether they saw Jack as overly extravagant or just spontaneous. The idea that he is irresponsible is actually not a true character trait, because actually Jack is quite devious, and does have responsibilities because he is a guardian in the country, where he is known as Jack, to Cecily his ward. The previous quote applies to this as well because doesnt want Algernon to find out he has responsibilities as he may come across as boring. While he is actually travelling to the town for pleasure, he tries to cover the fact he has a secret life in the country with what else should bring one anywhere? This acts as a cover because Jack knows that travelling isnt always about pleasure but he tries to fit in with Algernons profligate lifestyle. At many points in the play Jack says things that make the characters he is talking to believe he is someone he is not. This is usually due to the fact he is trying to cover up his lies. There are points when Jack is shown to be demanding. When he travels to the town, in act one, he says to Algernon I simply want my cigarette case back. This shows Jack to be demanding and perhaps impatient. The phrase simple want implies he is impatient as this is the way the line would be performed when on stage. I imagine that the line would be delivered in a snappy way, and Jack would probably look quite angry or uncomfortable. The line is short which would make the audience believe that Jack is short-tempered and the word want adds to this. His demand is polite yet the tone in the actors voice would give away that Jack was actually frustrated. In the conversation that is taking place, Algernon has read the inscription on the cigarette case, which makes it obvious that is belongs to Jack and is from Cecily. Algernon knows Jack as Ernest as this is what Jack calls himself in the town. Algy also knows the cigarette case belongs to Ernest so is confused by the inscription which goes against what he knows. The conversation arouses suspicion with Algy and so he starts questioning Jack (or Ernest as he is known to Algernon at this point). The quote links to this because instead of having a short-temper, he could have appeared impatient because he was anxious about being found out. The actor could show this by being fidgety and looking uncomfortable with the situation. This makes sense because Jack is happy with the way he has two lives, one in the town and one in the country and as no-body likes to be lied to, Algernon and Jack would probably wend up having a fight, and things would probably have to change or Algernon would want to meet Cecily and everything would get confusing, so Jack didnt want him to find out. If this is the case the word simply would be Jack trying to cover the fact he was really anxious to get his cigarette case back without Algy discovering the lies and him trying to sound as casual and calm as possible. Throughout the play, he is very cagey about the secrets and right up until the end, there are still things being discovered. Oscar Wilde sometimes gives the characters lines that just spark the idea with the audience that they are lying. At the beginning Jack says Eh? Shropshire? Yes of course! This gives the idea that Jack is lying about where he has been and where his house in the country it because he sounds confused. He is hesitant to begin with, like he is unsure of what he is talking about, even though, he should be sure. The question marks show the actor would go up at the end of the words, to make it clear it is a question. The actor would also probably have a confused face, while he thinks about what is being said. Jack after giving away slightly that he was lying tries to go back on himself, and cover it up by saying Yes, of course, as if he knew all along. This is a subtle effect used by Wilde, which just triggers the feeling he is being dishonest with the audience. From this point they are then more likely to pick up on other times when he is lying, which adds to both his character and the storyline. Narcissistic is a word that could be used to describe many of the characters but Jack definitely has this characteristic. Wilde makes all the characters self-centred and vain, which is a lot of the reason why the play is a comedy. It adds to the humour because they are only interested in their own lives, so end up clashing because they are unable to understand other people. Wilde shows Jack to have this trait with the line It is very painful for me to be forced to speak the truth. He doesnt realise how much his lying might upset people and hasnt thought about the consequences. All he wants is happiness for him and this links back to the point that he is demanding because he doesnt understand that others may have their own concerns. He has been lying but he doesnt think about how this will affect others just how painful it is for him. It sounds as if he doesnt realise that the lies may hurt others but he understands that it is wrong because he is embarrassed about having to tell them. He doesnt want to admit he has lied because he likes the situation he is in even though it is deceitful. At certain points he can be very hypocritical. He says to Algernon my dear fellow the sooner you give up this silly nonsense the better about his lying and having a double personality. This is hypocritical because Jack also has another personality and identity but this is what he is telling Algy off for! The fact he calls it silly nonsense shows that he recognises that what he is doing is a bit stupid and immature but this doesnt affect his actions because he is benefiting from having two identities because he can get out of things he doesnt want to do. Jack also appears to be romantic throughout the play. He loves Gwendolen and want impress both her and her mother; who wont let them marry. In the first act he appears very romantic when he admits his love to Gwendolen. The character has the line, I have never loved anyone in the world except you. He sounds very charming and this line is likely to surprise and impress Gwendolen. On stage this would probably be a very intense and emotional scene. Gwendolen and Jack are having this secret conversation while Lady Bracknell (Gwendolens mother), is in the other room, so it could be quite rushed or panicky. Later in act one he calls her My own darling which shows he is affectionate, but possible a bit possessive. The fact he calls her darling shows he is affectionate and adoring of her because it is a familiar pet-name. He says my own which is the part that makes him sound possessive because it sounds like she is a possession; an object rather than a woman. This could mean the character is controlling and maybe clingy. He wants other people to know Gwendolen is with him and it could be pride or it could be jealousy and control. Towards the end of the play, in act 3, Gwendolen says I am engaged to be married to Mr. Worthing. This quote makes Jack (Mr. Worthing) appears to be romantic because the couple have stayed together through the action in the play so far, even though they have had opposition. They are still serious about each other, and love each other even though their relationship was frowned upon and challenged by the highly respected Lady Bracknell. She was quite a fierce character so it makes it more likely that Jack and Gwendolen are truly in love, because they are in an unofficial and nonstandard relationship (because of the way they got together), and so should probably not be together but even with Lady Bracknell pressuring them to split up they havent. Their relationship is unusual because in that era, if you wanted to marry a woman you went to her parents first but Jack didnt do this, he went straight to Gwendolen, which must have angered Lady Bracknell as she would have felt protective towards Gwendolen. This proves Jack is romantic because he must have really loved Gwendolen, or at least really wanted to be with her because Lady Bracknell was very powerful and what he was doing, she disapproved of and could have probably done something about. However in the end Lady Bracknell does intervene, but Jack still protests by not allowing Cecily to marry Algernon, Lady Bracknells nephew. This shows a selfish side of Jack; he is stopping someone elses relationship because he cant have his own way. This links back to the idea that he was self centred because if he was selfless than he would let Cecily and Algernon be together because that would make them happy and even though he is upset, they could still continue their relationship, but they cant without his permission. I was in handbag. This is a quote that describes Jacks mysterious past, in which he was abandoned and found in a railway station. This has probably had an impact on his life and character and he may be so self-centred because he felt rejected and feels he deserves to be because his real parents didnt want him and so he gives himself the attention. On stage the conversation would probably be quite awkward because Lady Bracknell is questioning him and he is obviously embarrassed about his part and doesnt want it to come out. It remains quite mysterious (until the end) because he doesnt know who his parents are until it is revealed that his mother is Lady Bracknells sister. Jack is engaged to Gwendolen but that is just one relationship that he has. His best friend is called Algernon and actually turns out to be his brother! He lives in the town but travelled out to the country to find out about Jack. The two characters are in many ways very similar because they are both dishonest and irresponsible. This is shown when Jack says I could deny it if I liked, I could deny anything if I liked because he is implying that he is used to and good at lying and can get himself out of any situation. This is possible not the best thing to say in this situation as he has been found to be lying; by saying this he is implying that he lies all the time. This would only make the characters trust him less and wonder what else he has been lying about. He also sounds a bit cocky and again self-centred because he thinks he can do what he likes, without thinking and he can get away with it. This is a characteristic that he shares with Algy which is possibly why they get on so well. They are both Bunburyists which means they have created another identity to get them out of social meetings that they dont want to take part in! This shows they are both selfish and probably ungrateful because somebody has gone to the effort of inviting them to the event and then they pretend they are busy to get out of it. This is backed up by the quote you have invented a very useful younger brother in order that you may be able to come up to town as often as possible because it explains why Jack ahs created Earnest. Although they get on well on the whole, they sometimes have small disagreements over petty things. In act two they have a disagreement over muffins. How can you sit there, calmly eating muffins, when we are in this horrible trouble is a quote from this argument. They continue arguing over the muffins, but there is an underlying reason for this argument. They are both probably a bit annoyed and nervous as to what is going to happen next because both the women have just found out they are Bunburyists and have gone inside. This has left the men in bad moods and they need to take it out on someone so they have a go at each other over the first thing they can. Though the play is quite light-hearted being a comedy there is a serious message underneath. I believe one symbol of this is the food. It seems to be a key idea carried through the play: the cucumber sandwiches in the first act and muffins and cake and sugar in the second act. I think that the food and gluttony is a representation of other appetites and levels of indulgence. When Jack eats the bread and butter, that is meant for Gwendolen, enthusiastically it is humorous but also could show that he is assuming Gwendolen likes him, and also that he shouldnt like Gwendolen and is being greedy wit his women. This idea is intensified because Algy says you behave as if you were married to her already as if the bread and butter represented Gwendolen. This idea is also present when Cecily and Gwendolen meet in act two and Gwendolen claims Cake is rarely seen at the best houses nowadays. And sugar is not fashionable anymore because it shows Gwendolen is very fussy and very concerned about image and others opinions. This is the same when it comes to men because she was only marrying Jack because she thought his name was Earnest. Wilde uses theses symbols (like the food) and themes to get across his message. The main theme is marriage, both as part of the storyline and as an underlying opinion of Oscar Wilde and his opinions of the people of the era. It soon becomes clear that in the Victorian era money, social class and background are the important things for the upper class to find a partner. This is shown when Lady Bracknell is interviewing potential bachelors for Gwendolen How many bedrooms? . She is clearly thinking about the vale of the property and making sure Gwendolen will have a rich husband who will be able to support her financially. Cecily is very dreamy but Jack is the only one who is a true romantic and although he has fallen for a rich woman wouldnt necessarily want/need a rich woman. The fact that this is a play means that the audience would have to go to the theatre, probably meaning they are quite wealthy, and might not understand the jokes fully because it is about their lifestyle, so it could offend. I think for this reason Wilde made it a comedy so he didnt put people of too much by having a go in a light hearted way. Another message of the play is that all the characters are very similar. If you pick out any line, which doesnt contain a name then a lot of the time it is difficult to know which character said it. This could suggest that Wilde believed the upper class lacked character and individuality. Regularly in the play the characters (especially Gwendolen and her mother Lady Bracknell) appear to lack personality and just seem shallow and only concerned with money and what is fashionable. All the characters are well spoken, and often appear to be being polite well their motives are actually quite malicious. What the Victorians believed about morality is also a source for mock the Victorians for Wilde. Throughout the play there seems to be a set of unwritten moral rules that everyone should obey. For example when Jack finds out Algy has read his cigarette caser he says he thinks reading a private cigarette case is ungentlemanly. Wilde mocks this by making the characters take this to extreme lengths. The whole play is quite satirical and presents a moral paradox due to the fact the title is The Importance of Being Earnest, Earnestness is a quality of being serious and as none of the characters are meant to be this, its satire. What Wilde wants us to see as truly moral is really the opposite of earnestness: irreverence. The fact that the two main male characters lie throughout the play might also be a point that Wilde tries to get across. Both treat life as if it is just a game or a work of art that they can do what they like with. Algy although untruthful, only created Bunbury to travel different places however Jack takes it to another level, by taking on both identities, bothering with costumes when Ernest dies etc. Algy makes up stories that dont harm the others view on truth but Jack acts almost hypocritically. Overall, Jack didnt actually change that much over the course of the action. He starts lying and just lines from the end says it is a terrible thing for a man to find out suddenly that all his life he has been speaking nothing but the truth, so his views have not changed considerably. The plot has not changed his life a huge amount, especially not in a negative way that would prompt change. He has found out he has a brother, but it is his best friend anyway so even though it may change their relationship, its not negative. He temporarily split form Gwendolen but then they got back together so this is not negative and also Lady Bracknell has discovered Jack is her nephew so this is good. This means we will see no reason to change because everything is good and how he wants it to be. Wildes message is clear, and in general I would say he thought the upper class were shallow and self-centred!

Love and basketball essays

Love and basketball essays How many of the yall been in love before?. I know I have. Now, how many of yall like to play basketball? Well I love to play basketball. When you put those two together; what do you have? Love and Basketball. From the playground to the pro leagues, Monica and Quincy taught each other how to play the game. Now their commitment to the sport will force them to make a choice between each other and the game... between family and team... between love and basketball. Love and Basketball reflects who I am because I have drive and determination which is part of my personality, I have short temper and I get mad easily which is part of my attitude, and I value strong relationships. Within this movie, there is a lot of drive and determination portrayed between Monica and Quincy. Monica who is driven to be the first woman in the NBA, and Quincy wanting to grow-up and emulate his father- a player for the Clippers. These aspirations will propel them to make their dreams come true. Like wise in reality we all are faced with challenges whether or not you overcome these obstacles determines if you succeed in life. Like I said before I have a short temper and when things dont go my way I react in a negative way. Monica shows this same trait. For instance, when Monica was playing basketball, she was being very aggressive and the referee gave her a technical foul, as a result she angrily walked back to the bench, shouting at the referee, You suck! After the game she explained that she was only showing emotion. As a result of her temper, many recruiters turned her away. Even when the people closest to her tried to give her constructed criticism she was defensive and refused to listen. But soon she would come to her senses and realize that they were just trying to help her. Strong relationships are hard to find, and when you finally do find that one youll never ...

Air Asia Essay Example for Free (#4)

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Exercises for judges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Personal Beliefs and homosexuality Essay Example for Free

Personal Beliefs and homosexuality Essay Homosexuality can be defined as a sexual behaviour or the attraction of people within the same sex. It is a distinguished aspect of sexuality including gender identity,social gender role and biological sex. It is a collective term reffering to both lesbians and gay men. It has been argued that the negative perception by heterosexuals to homosexuals is because they are a threat to the society. This is because homosexuals have violated the traditional sex role structure. Over the years we have witnessed battles as to whether equal rights and protection against discrimination should be extended to homosexuals. The conflict is between two dictates: should marriage be restricted to one man one woman? Or should adults committed in relationships regardless of their sexual orientation be allowed to enter civil unions? It catches my attention but with no surprise either that many Americans are denying gay men and lesbians access to their living a happy life and access to marriage. I believe that marriage is a union of love and not gender. And this is simply because a marriage union is defined by love and not hatred. Just as one does not choose to be male or female so is homosexuality. It should not be seen as an illness. And no one whatsoever should consider it as an illness and hence ashamed of being a homosexual. In American for example their exists certain personal beliefs about homosexuality. Some Americans consider homosexuality a crime and those practicing the act should be arrested. Others believe that it is just a condition that one is addicted to and can be corrected. Still others believe that homosexuality is just a neutral trait, like one being left handed; it is very normal and neutral. In my paper I will discuss some of these beliefs in support of my thesis question: should personal beliefs of everyone in America affect the rights of homosexual people to living happy lives and access to marriage? The warfare Theologians and scientists often have minimal conflicts within themselves. This is because none of the larger group is interested in the field of the other. When it comes to homosexuality it raises brows of both parties. This is a major area that has seen both theologians and scientists promoting their own beliefs in. According to scientists an adult’s human sexuality comes in three different orientations. These orientations are completely normal and interchangeable. No one chooses any of the orientations. One is heterosexuality where one is sexually attracted to a member of the opposite sex. Two is homosexuality where an individual is attracted to members of the same sex. And three is bisexuality where we have a smaller minority who are attracted to both men and women. Religion claims that homosexuality is mentioned in both the Bible and the Qur’an. Hence it is a topic of major study by theologians. There exist two groups of religiou0s beliefs. One is by religious conservatives who believe that there is freedom of error of the bible. According to their biblical interpretation of the bible, homosexuality is completely an abnormal, chosen and unnatural behavior that can be changed. Another group referred to as religious liberals take the bible as a historical book. They consider the scientists explanations about sexual orientations and they believe that just as heterosexuality homosexuality is normal, unchosen and natural sexual orientation. The above passage gives two definitions of homosexuality. According to religious conservatives, homosexuality is what a person does. According to Scientists it is one of the three sexual orientations. Public beliefs: Gender biliefs The gender bilief system is defined as a set of biliefs and views about qualities of masculinity and feminity about males and females respectively. People tend to respond to others by assuming that what is masculine is not feminine and vise versa. Another factor included in this set of beliefs is the different roles of different sexes. These are some of the traditional patterns of defined gender roles,therefore a different perception is percieved to those who violate these patterns including homosexuals. A common judgement is faced by men who posses feminine characteristics(gay) and women having masculine characteristics(lesbian). They people are always viewed negatively by the society. This bilief therefore holds that heterosexuals dislike both gay men and lesbians because they are stereotipically having crossed gender characteristics ,traits, and roles. This bilief tends to hold much to the traditional roles of male and females. But it is evident that this bilief is outdated and becomes unreliable because times have changed and the current society believes in freedom. Freedom to choose what kind of life to lead. It is not necessary that a man feminine is gay or a female masculine is a lesbian. Hence it is a bit difficult to judge an individual according to the sex characteristics he or she displays in his or her style of living. Religious biliefs Religion is different in different societies. Christians for example argue that the bible forbids homosexuality. But in christianity there has emerged different denominations that interpret the bible differently. Different religions have heard different views on both sexual relations and love amongst people of the same sex. Within the Muslim community homosexuality is prohibited. Infact it is cited in the Qur’an the abominable act of the people of Lof,who are known as Sodomites who were destroyed because of their engagement in illegal sexual offences. However,some liberal muslims e. g the Al Fatiha Foundation regard homosexuality as absolutely normal. They argue that the Al Qur’an speaks against homosexual lust but it is silent about homosexual love . The Anglican communion received discord that saw a rift between the African exceptb south Africa and Anglican churches from Asia on one hand and American churches on the other hand when Canadian and American churches ordained a clergy and started blessing same sex marriages. Other churches e. g the Methodist church experienced trials from a gay clergy who some argued was a against religious principles and there were mixed verdicts that depended on Geography. These religional beliefs about homosexuals affect the different perceptions about homosexuality by different people. Some religiouis groups e. g the Hellenics view the aspect of some forms of homosexuality as sacred. Some groups e. g the Abrahamic forbid the relationship. The opposition to homosexual behaviour by religuious sectors range from quietly displ[aying homosexual activities and displays to explicitly forbiding same sexual practices and opposing acceptance of homosexuals. The support of homosexuals can be seen reflected in religion by the acceptance of individuals who are sexually heterodox in church functions. There has also been a manifestation of same sex union. Religious reasons have partly played a role in changing some gay men and lesbians. They seek to change through religious practice and faith. A recentb survey explains the analysis oof 882 homosexduals who underwent a convrsion therapy. 22. 9 percent of the attendance did not undergo any changes,some change was seen from 42. 7 percent and a 34. 3 percent showd much change. With time relgion has accepted gay men and women in their congregations. For instance in the later 20th century there was no limit to secular institutions. A larger branch of Judaism known as the Reform Judaism that is outside Israel began to facilitate gay marriages. Religious beliefs do not change the way of life of hoosexuals. I think a person should not be instructed on which religion to follow. This is because,as I have discussed above,within the religious groups there is divisions meaning no one cxonclusion has been agreed upon by thelarger group. This also means that interpretation of the bible or Qur’an is different amongst different people. Therefore no one at any one point should decide how one is going to lead his or her life. It is a personal decision either to be or not tyo be homosexual. The polls Homosexuality is considered as one of the major topics of concern in America and especially North America it has been under debate for several times. The debate is between religious conservatives and supporters for equal rights to homosexuals and bisexuals. I will discuss some f the public views in relation to rights of homosexuality. It is a point to note that with time there has been a rapid change in America in regard to legality in interracial marriages. I feel it is only logical to embrace change and accept homosexuals as part of our society and stop judging them negatively. Currently sex marriages are acceptable to those residing in the Netherlands. Dutch lawmakers decided to rewrite the laws so that gay people and lesbians were accommodated therein. They are accepted top marry and enjoy all rights and privileges of married people. By mid 2004 the Canadian government received orders from courts on arrangements to offer civil unions amongst homosexuals. In 2001 there was a U. S poll that was conducted in high school seniors. From the research it was clear that a majority had support for equal rights for both lesbians and gay men. This support was at a remarkable higher level than their parents on homosexuality. However in North America there was much opposition on the legality of equal rights to homosexuals. The general public belief is that special rights that were reserved for heterosexuals and whether to extend or deny the same top homosexuals should be determined through polls. According to me this belief is really dangerous because, if the state will deny the minority some rights then it follows that we are not really safe here in America. And since every member of this society is a member of a certain minority then it beats logic to deny them rights. Morality and legality Many individuals here in States still regard homosexuality as immoral and illegal. Homosexuals are discriminated in the work place and sometimes even by the society. Conservative Christians still regard homosexuality as sinful and an acceptable behavior. It is perfectly moral if sexual behavior is non-manipulative, safe and consensual and above all between two people who love and care about each other and are in a committed relationship. Just as heterosexuals homosexuals never choose to be what they are. It is therefore illegal to discriminate this social group that is part of our society. They are supposed to be treated equally and fairly. Equality Homosexuals reside in our society. Since it is only normal to be a homosexual. And since several religious groups accept the laws governing homosexuals in the work place, there is no point of discriminating against them in the society. They should be given equal rights and access to civil unions since they are in no crime caring and loving each other. It will be unfair to deny them these rights because they are among the three sexual orientations and they are not acting homosexuals but were born so. Liberation Every member of a society needs liberal position. When two individuals are in love and are committed to one another they deserve liberty. It is only fair to accord homosexuals liberty and freedom to express their love to one another since they are responding(part of the three sexual orientations) to nature and doing no one harm. Conclusion Research shows that there is much and widespread prejudice against homosexuals. The society still views homosexuals as immoral people. Further research by Berril in 1992 and D’Augelli ion 1989 in the American society shows that negative attitude towards homosexuals are often acted on through physical and verbal aggression. In the research by D’Augelli,50 percent of homosexual students repoorted that they have overheard awful comments,that verbal insults were experienced by 26 percent of the gay and lesbian population,26 percent were threatened through physical assault and 23 percent said they were victims of assault. I choose this topic because it is realy fascinating that traditionally like in the olden Greek there existed homosexuals but it did not take a society notice. Traditionally,marriage was percieved as a sacred matrimony between man and wife. The core purpose of marriage was children. And therefore ,traditionally marriage without siring children is meaningless. Recently homosexuality has become a central topic of discussion. The society and the world at large has received many arguments of whether to or not to legalize gay relationships. It is with the many challenges thjat face this topic that I decided to have a wider look on this topic. The gender set of biliefs is a rampant view among many individuals. It has an impact amongst men and women. Gender is seen in the society as one of the major stable constructs. Those having an aspect of a particular gender are supposed to have characters of that particular gender. This beliefs make the society have different junjements on men feminines and women masculines as gay and lesbians respectively. This is among the stereotype biliefs and as I have explained before it is a biased bilief. Over time we have seen religion adjusting abit and some religious groups are accepting homosexuals in their congregation and even go as far as uniting gay partners. Religions have broken up into denminations where others are supporting homosexual relationships and others do not. The traditional aspect of marriage is totally different now from the old perspective. From the above discussed beliefs it is clear that homosexuality is still percieved negatively by the society. Over time the law has tried to come in between to ammend a law that may govern such relationships. Most people still argue that there is freedom of choice and therefore do not agree in the ammendment of a law to abolish gay relationships. To the homosexuals who choose to remain in their relationships it is a choice. There is no particular law that forbids one from establishing a homosexual relationship and at the same time there is freedom of worship. This does not bind one into following a particular relationship in as much as most religions regard it a sin to have a relationship with a same sexual fellow but my argument is that a sin is sin. And therefore if one chooses to be or not to be a homosexual is personal. Who cares what the society is going to have what perception with your personality. I therefore conclude by saying that this research is not realy giving a solution as to whether gay or homosexual relations should be stoped but rather embraces the fact that every social being has freedom of choice of what to do with his or her social life. I have explained some of the personal beliefs and noted that both are personal decisions and therefore no one is to judge the other on what life to lead.

DAD :: essays research papers

Let me start by saying straightforwardly that the meaning of God is God himself. We must look at the meaning of God in God himself, not "outside" him. God is the fundamental meaning for the existence of the Universe, the creator, the supreme One: that is why everything exists. Why is something there? How did this universe come to exist, or others that might be? Why do we exist? For most people in the world —scientists, philosophers, ordinary people, — the answer is because God-Existence is. If he had not existed neither anything else would. Of course, not everybody agrees that God is the origin of the universe. Although, because of our faith, there is no need of proofs of God's existence: if something exists, then it is because that God exists. God-Existence is an evident fact. What other theories affirm when they say that there is an eternal universe is, in fact, that God-Existence, I Am, has always been, which is true. The only difference would be to see this eternal Existence as Somebody, "personal," or simply as Something, impersonal. If we look at the Old Testament, the biblical God is a God, who plays an active and immediate roll in all the happenings of the world and in human life; a God who constantly intervenes and changes the laws of nature. In addition, if we look at the New Testament, the image of God is very similar to the Jewish conception of God. God is "inside" the world, not to make miraculous changes in it, but to give existence to it. He is involved in the whole creation and into human life, not to change the natural order or to "manipulate" the free will of men, but to keep everything existing, moving, alive and in order. A meaningful God does not mean that he will intervene in the physical and biological facts and processes of nature, or in the free actions of men. God does intervene for keeping them existing and acting, not to change them, at least ordinarily. God-Existence created, is always present and conserves the order, balance and harmony of the whole universe, human life included, for our welfare; we are the "beneficiaries" from this balance, order and harmony. God-Existence is the One who makes all these details of our senses and organs, of our mind and body —which we usually take for granted,— to function, and in a similar way He is the One by whom all these laws that govern the quantum, plants and animals, as well the stars and galaxies, never fail.

International Trade, Comparative Advantage and Protectionism

Group D INTERNATIONAL TRADE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND PROTECTIONISM 1. According to the table above determine which country has the absolute advantage in corn and which in soybeans. In addition, determine which country has the comparative advantage in corn and which in soybeans. Make sure to support your answer by deriving the opportunity costs of each. Ans. A producer with absolute advantage over the other in the production of a good or service is if it can produce that product using fewer resources. Therefore; Canada has absolute advantage in Corn and Mexico in Soybean.Comparative advantage is the producer with the lowest opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the  cost of an alternative that must be forgone in order to pursue a certain action or the benefits you could have received by taking an alternative action. For example, the opportunity cost of going to college is the money you would have earned if you worked instead. On the one hand, you lose four years of salary while ge tting your degree; on the other hand, you hope to earn more during your career, thanks to your education,  to offset the lost wages. Canada O/C for corn 8/2 = 4 soybeansCanada O/C for Soybean8/2 = 0. 25 Corns Mexico O/C for corn2/10 = 0. 2 Soybeans Mexico O/C for Soybean10/2 = 5 Corns Canada has comparative advantage in soybean and Mexico has comparative advantage in corn. 2. According to the table above, would there be trade flows in both directions if the exchange rate were $1 = 1 peso? Ans. The USA would gain by exporting  plastic and importing pesos from Mexico. At an exchange rate of 1:1, it now only has to give up $1 worth of plastic to obtain 1 pesos, whereas before trade it had to give up $4 for 8 pesos.On the other hand the USA would not benefit from trade on paper because at the inception USA was getting a good rate on paper at $1 to 3 pesos. 3. If a lower exchange rate spurs exports then why wouldn’t it be a good idea of policymakers to intervene to push the ex change rate as low as they can? Ans. It is not a good idea for policy makers to intervene to push the exchange rate as low as they can because importers sometimes would not benefit or get value for their money. The exchange rate would also affect the quantity of goods received. . What is protection as it refers to international trade? Ans. Protectionism is restraining trade between countries through methods such as tariffs through imported goods, restrictive quotas, and a variety of other government regulations designed to allow fair competition between imports and goods and services produced domestically. 5. Explain the law of comparative advantage and why it is important in international trade? Ans. The concept of comparative advantage is an integral part in achieving increased gains in international trade.The concept, first introduced by David Ricardo in 1817 states comparative advantage exist when a country has a â€Å"margin of superiority† in the production of a good or service, where the marginal cost of production is lower. He explained how trade can benefit all parties such as individuals, companies, and countries involved, as long as goods are produced with different relative costs. The net benefits from such activity are called gains from trade. This is one of the most important concepts in international trade.According to the principles, benefits of trade are dependent on the opportunity cost of production. Opportunity cost is measured in terms of what you give up of another other. A country with no absolute advantage in any product, i. e. the country is not the most competent producer for any goods, can still be benefited from focusing on export of goods for which it has the least opportunity cost of production. When countries specialize and trade based on comparative advantage consumers pay less and consume more and resources are used more efficiently.Countries which are open to trade grow faster over the long run that those that remain cl osed. Increased trade benefits consumers and producers, through lower prices and access to a wider variety of goods. This is due to specialization which lowers cost and competition. Trade helps countries in allocating resources as efficiently as possible; it also allows countries to accumulate resources more quickly. 6. Distinguish between a tariff and quota? Explain the effect of tariff/quota on domestic consumption, prices and output. Ans. Tariffs and quotas are tools implemented to protect domestic industries.To distinguish between both we need to explain what a tariff and a quota is. A tariff is a tax or duty placed on imported goods by a domestic government and does not apply to sales of domestically produced goods and a quota is a limit on the quantity of imported products. Base on the explanations above we can note that tariff is imposed to make goods imported from foreign countries more expensive as it raises the price of an imported good, making it more expensive than simil ar domestic goods which protects domestic producers from dumping by foreign countries.As outlines on businessdictionary. com ‘dumping is exporting goods at prices lower than the home market prices’. The rational is to increase demand for domestic products while reducing the quantity of imports. Tariffs are a benefit to domestic producers who faces reduced competition in their home market. The reduced competition causes prices to rise. Sales of domestic producers should also rise, all else being equal. With the increase in production and prices this will cause increase employment and a rise in consumer spending.The tariffs also increase government revenues that can be used to the benefit of the economy. Once the price of the good with the tariff has increased; the consumer is forced to either buy less or of some other good. The price increase will cause a reduction in consumer income. A quota sets a limit on the quantity of goods that can be imported during a particular period. Quotas are employed to protect new industries and keep market entry costs low for domestic producers. They also protect domestic jobs by ensuring that foreign products are not imported in sufficient numbers to meet current demand.This will ensures a percentage of the existing market share is retained by domestic companies. Once there is an increase in imports quotas are more protective than tariffs. Quotas benefit the government by protecting domestic corporations to keep people employed. 7. â€Å"Economists have demonstrated that imports benefits consumers while causing losses to producers and exports benefit producers while causing losses to consumers. In the balance then international trade neither benefits nor hurts a nations as a whole. † Evaluate this statement. Ans.International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders territories. The international trade accounts for a good part of a country’s gross domestic pro duct. It is also one of important sources of revenue for a developing country. The trade which exists between countries consists of buying goods that are produced at a lower cost elsewhere. Individual and countries have different abilities in producing their goods; taking the advantage of these differences in order to have efficiency will enable each to experience gains from trade. . If the Bank of Jamaica suddenly switches to a more expansionary policy, explain the effects it will have on the exchange rate and balance of payments of Jamaica. According to investopedia (2012),an expansionary policy is a macroeconomic policy that seeks to expand the money supply to encourage economic growth or combat inflation (price increases). One form of expansionary policy is fiscal policy, which comes in the form of tax cuts, rebates and increased government spending.Expansionary policies can also come from central banks, which focus on increasing the money supply in the economy. The bank of Jama ica cab increase money supply in two ways. These are; * By reducing the policy interest rate * Open Market Operations due to the purchase of certificate of deposits Reducing the policy interest rate and Impact A reduction in the interest rates will result in Commercial banks and other Deposit taking institution extending more funds to individuals and businesses.In other words the increased ability to borrow funds due to a reduction in policy interest rates will cause more Jamaica dollars to be in circulation. The excess supply of money will result in pressure on the Jamaican dollar resulting in a depreciation of the Jamaican dollar. The pressure that is exerted on the Jamaica dollar due to an expansionary policy will cause a widening of the balance of payment deficit. The Jamaica economy is heavily dependent on imports and therefore it would cost more to import product and services ******

Milo

S. W. O. T Analysis for Milo We are going to produce a SWOT analysis to find out how effective Milo is operating and what internal factors may influence its success. A SWOT analysis analyses the internal factors that may influence the success of a business. The initials SWOT stand for: S trengths W eaknesses O pportunities T hreats Here is a SWOT analysis on Milo: Strengths * Focusing only on chocolate energy drink. * Big sales in other countries. * It is available in different sizes, shapes and type. * Value for money. Promotion/advertising done in other countries. Weaknesses * Not enough diversity in flavours * Packaging (design of tin + labelling ) Opportunities * Increased media available (mobiles/internet) * Increased fitness industry * Increase awareness of health and fitness * Sponsorship (through sporting events) Threats * Competitors (hot chocolate, energy drinks) * Well known successful brands as competitors * Competitors could use aggressive marketing tactics cut prices/in crease promotion * Competitors bring out similar products Competitors have diversity in packaging (bottles, pouches, cans, etc) Challenges Milo also has challenges in marketing the product to consumer. The challenges are in hot chocolate and energy drink. The challenger in hot chocolate is Vico. Vico chocolate drink also is the popular choice among to customer in Malaysia. Vico chocolate drink have more chocolate test than Milo and the price also cheaper than Milo. Vico is the substitution product for Milo. The energy drink, the challenges is come from Horlick.Horlicks contain wide range of vitamins and minerals. This product gives energy to body to working or do something activities. Usually this drink will take in the breakfast. Horlicks are good in advertisement. For example, in Ramadhan , we need energy to fasting and they take this chance to promote their product that can gives energy to body in fasting. Improvement To improve the market, I think Milo have to do something in th eir flavour and advertisement. For flavour, make a research more about consumer behaviour in Malaysia.Find a taste that customer really like. Do the experiment with 100 customers to find which flavour is good and what consumer wants in the market right now. Use celebrity can make good advertisement to release new product. The celebrity can attract customer to know about new product. Aggressive advertising in media can increase the market. Make new packaging that can attract customer to buy and rite in the ingredient about vitamin and energy that can gives to customer when they drink it.

Essay on Philosophy Aristotle

Essay on Philosophy Aristotle Essay on Philosophy Aristotle Essay on Philosophy AristotleAccording to Aristotle, a human being behaves morally and reaches eudaimonia the state of human flourishing when he or she practices moral virtues. A virtue in Aristotelian sense is a specific pattern of behavior, a tendency to think, desire, act and feel in an appropriate, harmonious way (Mosser, 2013). Different philosophers defined virtues in different ways; in particular, Aristotle in his Nichomachean Ethics defined virtue as the optimal middle between an overly expressed trait and a lack of that trait (Mosser, 2013). Furthermore, Aristotle emphasized that a virtue was not merely an average point between the two extremes, rather it was a weighed choice of behavior according to the time, situation and circumstances (Warburton, 2004).In my opinion, two key virtues that are important to living a successful life are confidence and courage. Confidence forms the basis on ones life and shapes self-perception of an individual, perception of this individual by others and the alignment between these perceptions. The person who has confidence objectively perceives own self with all positive and negative sides and strives to reduce negative aspects while enhancing positive characteristics. Someone who lacks confidence might be either overly self-focused and arrogant, or self-humiliating. In both cases, it is not possible to flourish without confidence because social relationships will be distorted.With regard to courage, the characteristic behavior of a courageous person is taking risks and responsibility when it is appropriate and avoiding unnecessary or excess risks or responsibilities. Someone who lacks courage cannot flourish because he or she might miss new opportunities and might be vulnerable to aggression and impudence. Those people who are too courageous and take all risks without consideration also cannot flourish since they will sooner or later make damage to themselves due to such risk-taking.Therefore, confidence can be viewe d as a harmonious balance between conceit and self-deprecation, and courage can be viewed as the middle between cowardice and recklessness. These conclusions support Aristotles concepts of virtues as the golden mean between the lack of certain quality and the excess of this quality.

Cultural Hybridity Details Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultural Hybridity Details - Essay Example The paper will examine whether cultural hybridity can be regarded as good. In addition, the paper seeks to explore whether cultural hybridity is disliked but believed to be inevitable. Moreover, the paper will focus on whether cultural purity should be somehow maintained. In the discussion, the paper will include references drawn from art. Is Cultural Hybridity Good? At a time when the world witnesses frequent migration of people, from one continent and country to another, there is, increasingly, interaction between people and a steady growth in cultural hybridity. In my opinion, cultural hybridity is good based on the impact it has on a culture. The process of cultural hybridization plays a crucial role in helping people to understand the process of cultural change. Cultural hybridity also stimulates scholars to have a close examination of the hybridization of the past. In this case, it has helped in the understanding of renaissance, a movement aimed at the revival of antiquity. Thr ough cultural hybridity, Japan borrowed some aspects of art and culture from Europe. For instance, during the 17th Century, most Japanese were converted to Christianity by protestant and Catholic missionaries (Dower 1-84). In addition, cultural hybridity saw the spread of Southern artwork, which had originated from parts of Europe. This included visual imagery such as large folding screens that depicted the harbor at Nagasaki having foreigners with their trade ships. Moreover, cultural hybridity can be regarded as good since it led to the spread of both secular and religious paintings that emanated from European sources. Cultural hybridity can be said to be good since it led to the spread such works of art as drawings. Such drawings included â€Å"Portrait of Perry, A North American.† Cultural hybridity can be regarded as good since it encompasses Transculturation, which is essential in understanding the specificity of a continent. Cultural hybridity leads to new cultural syn thesis, thus becoming a key element of American’s developing imaginary. The realization of cultural identity is also fueled to some extent by cultural hybridity, as it leads to the understanding that identity mostly encompasses the plurality in the cultural uniqueness of a culture. It is through cultural hybridity that people come to the realization of the distinctive features of a culture in terms of politics, ethnicity and social uniqueness (Dower 1-84). A form of artwork such as lithography also spread through cultural hybridity; it emanated from the works of a German by the name Aloys Senefelder, in 1798. People from various places have learnt that this work of art entails a process whereby the top of a surface is used in making a picture. The spread of various art forms can be attributed to cultural hybridity. Through the spread of artwork, cultural hybridity serves to create favourable relations between groups of people who interact while sharing artworks. Thus, the hyb ridization of cultural can be regarded as an essential phenomenon (Dower 1-84). Do you dislike it but believe it is inevitable? I do not dislike cultural hybridity, but it is my belief that it can be termed as inevitable owing to its remarkable impact. Once various cultures interact with one another, it becomes evident that they will exchange some traits between them. For instance, each culture comes to learn the way of doing things,

Using an extended example critically discuss the view that a sector Essay

Using an extended example critically discuss the view that a sector matrix gives a better strategic understanding of product markets than the concepts of product or commodity chains - Essay Example e essay analyses other tools including value chains and commodity chains in a bid to prove the effectiveness of the sector matrix that provides an in-depth understanding of the patterns of both demand and supply which are the key market features that influences the profitability of an organization (Lane, 2005). The essay will provide a systematic approach to the analysis of the above tools including their strengths, weaknesses and the comparison of their performance against the sector matrix which the paper hypotheses is the most effective marketing tool. Marketing refers to the management function mandated with the determination, anticipation and satisfaction of the customer demand. Every business organization has a primary objective of sustained profitability in order to increase its market share. The need for growth as Froud, Haslam, Johal & Williams (1998) explain in their sector matrix relies on the determination of the market. Business organizations must have a substantial market shares and possibly increase their shares a feature that will portray growth and sustained profitability. In order to achieve such growth patterns, the organizations must have effective understanding of the factors that influence the demand from the market. By understanding the factors affecting demand, the organization readily manipulates its supply of products thereby cushioning the organization from incurring loses. Additionally, understanding the relationship between demand and supply makes it possible for organizations to plan their productions th ereby sustaining their profitability as the below analysis of the sector matrix portrays (Alexander, 2010). Just as the name suggests, the sector matrix breaks down an industry into various factors that influence the production and sale of products. Understanding the industry is fundamental for every organization since it helps the organization appreciate the nature of supply and demand. This way, the sector matric overcomes some of